ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders Essays

ADP 7-0/ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders Essays ADP 7-0/ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders Paper ADP 7-0/ADRP 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders Paper What is operational preparing space is the preparation exercises organizationsundertake while at home station, at move battle preparing focuses, duringjoint works out, at assembly focuses, and keeping in mind that operationally sent Whats is self-improvement preparing area is arranged, objective situated learning thatreinforces and grows the profundity and expansiveness of an individual’s information base,self-mindfulness, and situational mindfulness; supplements institutional andoperational learning; improves proficient ability; and meets personalobjectives. Whats is The Army standards of unit preparing ? Administrators and different pioneers are liable for preparing.? Noncommissioned officials train people, groups, and little groups.? Train to standard.? Train as you will battle.? Train while working.? Train basics first.? Train to create versatility.? Comprehend the operational condition.? Train to support.? Train to keep up.? Direct multiechelon and simultaneous preparing. What is Train to Standard Units consistently train to the standard set up for every person and aggregate taskWhen no standard exists, the leader builds up one and the nexthigher officer endorses it. What is Train as You Will Fight â€Å"Train as you will fight† implies preparing under a normal operationalenvironment for the mission. What is Train While Operating Preparing proceeds with when units are conveyed or when directing day by day activities. For what reason must you Train Fundamentals First Units at each echelon must ace the essentials expected to achieve theirmission. Essentials incorporate fundamental soldiering, the Warrior Tasks, fight drills,marksmanship, wellness, and military word related strength proficiencies that supportthe capacities of the unit. For what reason do Leaders Train to Develop Adaptability Powerful pioneers comprehend that change is unavoidable in any operationalenvironment. An opportunity to respond to change can be short. Versatility comes fromtraining under unpredictable, evolving conditions, with insignificant data accessible tomake choices. For what reason should you Understand The Operational Environment An operational domain builds up the conditions for preparing. The conditions are drawn from the operational factors known as PMESII-PT What is Train to Sustain Preparing gets ready units and people to be strong. Preparing must get ready unitsand Soldiers for the pressure of activities. For what reason do you Train to Maintain Units must lead upkeep to guarantee hardware is functional and availablefor the direct of preparing and for mission achievement. Upkeep preparing is a necessary piece of the unit preparing plan. What is Conduct Multiechelon and Concurrent Training Multiechelon preparing is a preparation procedure that takes into account the simultaneoustraining of more than one echelon on various or reciprocal undertakings. It upgrades preparing time for subordinates during higher unit preparing occasions What are the PRINCIPLES OF LEADER DEVELOPMENT ? Show others how its done.? Create subordinate pioneers.? Make a learning situation for subordinate pioneers.? Train pioneers in the workmanship and study of mission order.? Train to create versatile pioneers.? Train pioneers to think fundamentally and inventively.? Train your pioneers to know their subordinates and their families. What is Lead by Example Great pioneers comprehend they are good examples for other people and mirror the ideal head qualities Who will Develop Subordinate Leaders Pioneers have the obligation regarding creating subordinate pioneers. It is one of their most significant capacities What is *institutional preparing area? The Army’s institutional preparing and instruction framework, which essentially includestraining base focuses and schools that give introductory preparing and subsequentprofessional military training for Soldiers, military pioneers, and Army regular citizens. What is THE ROLE OF THE COMMANDER UNDERSTANDVISUALIZEDESCRIBEDIRECTLEADASSESS What is a crucial errand speaks to an assignment a unit could perform dependent on its plan, equipment,manning, and table of association and gear/table of dissemination and remittances crucial. A strategic errand list is a gathering of crucial assignments What is MDMP MILITARY DECISIONMAKING PROCESS What are the means of MDMP ? Stage 1 †Receipt of Mission? Stage 2 †Mission Analysis? Stage 3 †Course of Action Development? Stage 4 †Course of Action Analysis (War Game)? Stage 5 †Course of Action Comparison? Stage 6 †Course of Action Approval? Stage 7 †Orders Production What does ADP 5-0 spread? An: Operations Process 2. Q. What does the Operations Process comprise for the Army? A: The Operations Process establishes the Army’s see on arranging, getting ready, executing, and surveying tasks 3. Q. What does the Operations Process represent? An: It represents the complex, ever-changing, and unsure nature of tasks and perceives that a military activity is preeminent a human endeavor What is the Army’s Framework for Exercising Mission Command? A: The Operations Process What are the Major Command exercises performed during Operations? 1.Planning2.Preparation3.Executing4.Assessing What is Planning? A: The craftsmanship and study of understanding a circumstance, imagining an ideal future, and spreading out compelling methods of realizing that future What is Preparing? A: Those exercises performed by units and Soldiers to improve their capacity to execute an activity What is Execution? A: Putting an arrangement enthusiastically by applying battle capacity to achieve the mission What is Assessing? A: The nonstop assurance of the advancement toward achieving an assignment, making an impact, or accomplishing a goal How do Commanders utilize the Operations Process? A: Through the help of their Staff, Commanders utilize the Operations Process to drive the reasonable and nitty gritty arranging important to comprehend, envision, and depict their operational condition; settle on and articulate choices; and direct, lead, and survey military activities What are the four Principles that control the Operations Process? A: 1. Administrators drive the Operations Process 2. Apply basic and innovative reasoning 3. Assemble and keep up situational understanding4. Support joint effort and dialoge What chances upon finish of the underlying request? An: arranging proceeds as pioneers reconsider the arrangement dependent on changing conditions What is the Staff’s job during the Operations Process? A: to help officers with getting circumstances, settling on and actualizing choices, controlling activities, and surveying progress During the Operations Process, what does Mission Command require? An: a domain of common trust and shared comprehension among commandants, staffs, and subordinates I don't get it's meaning to Understand Something? A: to get a handle on its temperament and noteworthiness What is an Operational Environment? An: impacts that influence the work of abilities and bear on the choices of the administrator What is the Commander’s Intent? A: reasonable and succinct articulation of the motivation behind the activity and the ideal military end express that bolsters strategic, gives center to the staff, and enables subordinate and supporting officers to act to accomplish the commander’s wanted outcomes moving forward without any more requests, in any event, when the activity doesn't unfurl as arranged What does the Acronym CCIR rely on? A: Commander’s Critical Information Requirements What are the two parts of CCIR’s? A: well disposed power data prerequisites and need insight necessities What does the Acronym EEFI rely on? An: Essential Elements of Friendly Information What does the Acronym PMESII-PT represent? A: the eight interrelated operational factors: political, military, financial, social, data, framework, physical condition, and time What does the Acronym METT-TC represent? A: strategic, territory and climate, troops and bolster accessible, time accessible, and common contemplations What are the six Mission Variables? A: crucial, territory and climate, troops and bolster accessible, time accessible, and common contemplations (METT-TC) What does the Acronym TLP depend on? A: Troop Leading Procedures (TLP) What are a portion of the 17 Mission Preparation Activities? 1. Proceed to organize and direct liaison2. Start data assortment 3. Start security tasks 4. Start troop movemen

Why Did Fascism Rise in Europe During the 1920s? Could It Have in the 1930s US?

What sort of monetary condition would grasp Fascism? What sort of society would permit their country’s opportunities and future to be set into one dictator’s hands? Germany was encircled by apparent powers of shrewdness. The abuse of dread from the French toward the West and the Russians toward the East would break the soul of the German individuals. The dread of these two powers against a nationalized Germany would be utilized by Adolf Hitler to pick up power. In Italy, Benito Mussolini utilized coalitions with the Catholic Church, associations, and industry managers to increase political force. That, alongside utilizing beast power against his political adversaries, Mussolini’s type of Fascism was step by step worked with eleven years of serious political moving. Both Hitler and Mussolini exploited a world of politics to frame another elevated perfect, dictatorship, a perfect that would prompt a second heightening in the mid twentieth century. World War I finished severely for the Prussians. They were broken into littler countries. Grounds were taken from them. Their strategies for riches gathering from past speculations were held onto away from them. Any potential methods of money related security were looking more somber with the continuation of the reparations coming out of the Great War. In any event, when the new Germany created riches, the French would remove it from them as a result of late installments. There was no money related expectation in light of the fact that the French were so tenacious with their severe implementation of the Treaty of Versailles. The suffering retaliation that the French chiefs had towards Germany after WWI was in the long run seen by Germans as insatiability. The savage disposition of the French business people formed into a general German abhorrence for the current industrialist development. Toward the East there was likewise a recently framed socialist Russia that was developing in structure and force. There was a nervousness among the German individuals with what was happening in Russia. By pariahs, socialism was comprehended as basically lost private property. The loss of private property was something that the new Furher, or pioneer, of Germany would profess to secure. Abusing the people’s nervousness for a state-claimed monetary framework was a primary device utilized by Hitler. Germany didn’t need to resemble the insatiable French business people, nor did they need to resemble the War-Communist, Stalin-drove Russians. These two powers to either side of Germany made a vacuum of thoughts. Inside this vacuum, Hitler constrained his own thoughts that in 1926 he spread out in his work Mein Kampf . Now of Germany’s financial deterioration, Hitler could have sold the German close to anything particularly on the grounds that it was neither like the French nor the Russian separate monetary fates. Hitler additionally utilized the Jews as his own industrialist substitutes for why the nation was in such monetary danger. He utilized this as an energizing cry, an interruption for something to move against at home. All they needed to do was to kill the Jews, follow Furher, and he would lead Germany back to being a reunified politically influential nation. Benito Mussolini in Italy went another course. After he was chosen Prime Minister in 1922 he gradually utilized political power to pick up and look after force. He picked up the help of the Catholic Church by commanding Catholic school for kids. He by one way or another adjusted himself to the two associations and industry managers by ordering an eight hour workday and liberating the businesses of back installments from WWI. Also, so as to get his way in the chosen government he would utilize his apparently unending political capacity to discourage the chosen dissidents. He would compromise or even kill any individual who restricted his ascent to control. â€Å"I declare†¦. before the Italian people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦that only i expect the political, good and noteworthy duty regarding everything that has occurred. Italy needs harmony and calm, work and quiet. I will give these things with affection if conceivable and with power if fundamental. † Peace by means of power? Some way or another that doesn’t appear to be conceivable, yet the extremist government drove by its Il Duce, or pioneer, got its direction. Killing, not Jews as Hitler was then doing, yet nonconformists in Italian spots of intensity. In the 1930’s America it was a critical time monetarily. Individuals were casting a ballot with their stomachs and they were paying attention in following the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. FDR was a famous American pioneer as he was casted a ballot into the most noteworthy office multiple times. America was not exactly as broken as Germany might have been. America despite everything had its standards flawless as confirm by its solid restriction to FDRs endeavored alteration to the Constitution adding six individuals to the Supreme Court. Notwithstanding the monetary hardships that the American individuals were encountering during the 1930s, Fascism was excessively extraordinary for offer to the Americans. They were excessively pleased with their current American vote based system to ever be sufficiently impacted to change the philosophy from an entrepreneur vote based system towards a fundamentalist tyrant. Americans were considerably more inspired by FDR’s ‘tweaks’ than in a total government redesign as either Mussolini or Hitler would have upheld. With a flourishing extremist government, when is sufficient, enough? When managing extremism there will never be actually a genuine halting point. Regardless of whether it was somebody inside the country, similar to the nonconformists in Italy or the Jews of Germany, or an outside danger, similar to the socialists of Russia or the French Capitalists, there will consistently be a restricting gathering. It makes one wonder whether an effective WWII crusade by Italy and Germany would have inevitably set them in opposition to one another?

Biopiracy of Biodiversity

Biopiracy of Biodiversity Biopiracy of Biodiversity Global Exchange as Enclosure Home›Economics Posts›Biopiracy of Biodiversity Global Exchange as Enclosure Economics PostsTrade policies control and direct the manner in which trade is conducted among traders, organizations, corporations, communities and nations. They regulate trade between the entities or parties in agreement. The policy of free trade allows trade to take place among the traders without any form of interference from the national governments through whose borders the trade is conducted. This has opened the doors to unscrupulous actions of theft and unwarranted exportation of biological resources from the less developed countries of the world, by multinational corporations from developed countries, with the aim of gaining economic benefits and scientific development in biotechnology.All this happens at the expense of the affected indigenous communities, who have part of their natural heritage taken away from them; usually stolen, without t heir knowledge or consent. The book, “Biopiracy of Biodiversity ‘Global Exchange as Enclosure’, by Andrew Mushita and Carol B. Thompson, discuses the issue of free trade and economic globalization and how these have led to the exploitation of biodiversity natural resources owned by indigenous communities in the developing countries of southern Africa, pointing out the likely impacts on their livelihood and development.Free trade provides unhindered access to the natural resources found within the environments of the indigenous communities. Such communities tend to continue with their traditional reliance on these natural resources and thus actively involve themselves in their conservation and preservation (Mushita and Thompson 11). These traditional communities and their people are inherently tied to their biological resources, which form their food, medicine and are important part of their cultural heritage. However, international free trade has led to the opening up of these communities to multinational companies and biotechnological corporations with the intention of making business out of these bio-resources.   with the knowledge that these natural resources have the potential of providing more benefits after scientific researches in biotechnology, in addition to economic development, an understanding lacking within the local communities, these companies take advantage of the existing loopholes in free trade agreements.As noted by (Mushita and Thompson 109), “the African continent (like many of the developing nations of the world) have benefited little” from many of the trade negotiations and international trade policies proposed and advocated for by the World Trade Organization. An apparent fact that is explicitly outlined is the ineffectiveness of international free trade to guarantee protection of the natural resources depended upon by the local communities, which are part and parcel of their cultural “wealth”, from being taken and “loot ed by force” by influential corporations (Mushita and Thompson 15). In essence, free trade has contributed to the increasing exploitation of natural resources and their biodiversity through “biopiracy” in the less developed nations, particularly due to the fact that interference by the respective governments is not encouraged under this trade policy (Mushita and Thompson 155).In removing the interference of governments from the economic relations between trading partners across its borders, free trade brings about the harmful state of unsupervised trading of biological resources. Under this circumstance, free trade is likely to fuel proliferation of biopiracy. As illustrated under part one of the book â€" “sharing and theft” â€" “biopirates” take away the biological resources in a variety of natural forms including indigenous plants and even microbes without consent from the people and their governments (Mushita and Thompson 16).Furthermore, free trade provides the opp ortunity of patenting these bio-resources and the products generated from them, giving the sole rights of utilization and advanced processing of the natural resources to these corporations. Biotechnology companies from the developed world, with immense resources available for scientific research on indigenous resources have taken advantage of these loopholes to privatize these resources. These negative and harmful effects of free trade result from lack of government intervention as clearly indicated by (Mushita and Thompson 166).In addition to making the “stolen” bio-resources part of their intellectual property, the corporations do not share accrued economic benefits with the indigenous communities who were the original owners and custodians of the natural resources. Rather than ensure the continued growth, support and sustenance of these traditional communities, such corporations seek to secure their utilization of the biological resources by acquiring “private intellectual property rights” as the real owners (Mushita and Thompson 219). The patenting of biological resources denies the developing countries the opportunity of utilizing their inherent natural recourses for economic development in the case where such property rights over the same biological resources have already been acquired by private international companies.   With the increasing liberalization of the global markets and expansion of economic globalization, the developing countries of Southern Africa and the region as whole, are increasingly becoming more open to such exploitation from biopiracy and undue exploitation of their natural resources.As pointed out by Mushita and Thompson   (76), the WTO and its trade policy on intellectual property under TRIPS, do little to safeguard developing countries and their communities who are highly vulnerable to biopiracy and its effects. TRIPS outlines the acquisition and protection of intellectual property but does not take into consideration co mmunal rights, which are essential to protection of the communal biological resources existing within these African communities.   As conjectured by Mushita and Thompson (220), “communal rights” over biodiversity and natural resources by the respective traditional communities recognized as the primary custodians and conservers, should be considered “as legitimate as private rights” to ensure that they are protected from   theft.One of the major impacts of biopiracy and subsequent acquisition of intellectual rights under the operating free trade policies is the denial of the affected governments and their people ownership of the resources and their future incorporation in their nation’s economic development. Apparently, under the WTO, TRIPS “does not recognize national sovereignty over biological resources” while recognizing “private property rights” as outlined by Mushita and Thompson (187). With this policy loopholes exist giving the multinationals corporations op portunity to easily acquire the legal ownership of these resources. Thus having acquired the rights over the use of these resources at the international level, the companies can easily curtail any further development on these resources by the African communities and their countries from where they were taken. Free trade impacts on the future economic growth and sustainable development through these resources by opening opportunity of transferring ownership rights to private corporations (Mushita and Thompson 187).The traditional communities not only have part of their cultural heritage stolen from them, but also find themselves “deprived of their own means of subsistence” (Mushita and Thompson 224). These communities have the rights to enjoy their benefits generated from the same resources they have endeavored to guard and preserve for many years. As the custodians of the same resources, they are the ones with the property rights over the same; a fact that should be recognized b y the relevant intellectual property policies and legislation (Mushita and Thompson 220). Taking away of the natural resources, undermines their rights and the fact that part of their wealth is stealthily taken without their knowledge and consent. The case is made even worse with the acquisition of property rights by the companies at the global level. As noted by Mushita and Thompson (16) biopiracy also hampers their continued use of their own resources.In some cases, scarce bio-resources are heavily harvested by the corporations or even the governments for manufacturing purposes which denies the local community adequate access and use of these resources. Vulnerable resources in this category are illustrated by Mushita and Thompson (11) to fall within the category of medicinal plants, seeds and roots. Overexploitation of these plants and their seeds denies the traditional healers effective use in making traditional medicine for healing within the community  (Mushita and Thompson 11) . Multinational biotechnological and pharmaceutical companies on the other hand, reap huge profits from the manufactured drugs produced using the indigenous plants, at the expense of the local African communities. Indigenous people have the right to also benefit from profits and economic gains made from such developments facilitated by their local natural resources as stated by Mushita and Thompson (224), which however is not usually the case. It also negates the advances made by the traditional body of indigenous knowledge systems in conserving the particular biological resources over the years according to Mushita and Thompson (209).Free trade has also allowed the introduction of genetically modified organisms that pose adverse effects on the indigenous plants, threatening their continued growth and regeneration. With the ability and capacity to interact freely with the local communities under free trade, companies introduce genetically modified seeds to the local and traditional African farmers, which hamper the existence of some of the biological resources innate to the communities. Genetically modified plants can interact with the indigenous plants through pollination as pointed out by Mushita and Thompson (43) and subsequently alter their natural state that existed before the introduction of the new species.The book provides a clear illustration of free trade and its operations at the global stage, as well as its impact at the community level. Without government intervention, free trade provides lease to economic exploitation of biodiversity owned by the indigenous communities of southern Africa though biopriracy and acquisition of intellectual property rights of the same at the global level, consequently denying the real owners any rights over their use. As noted by the authors, much needs to be done in ensuring the local communities have their indigenous resources protected from possible adverse effects of economic globalization and its trade policies providing leeway for their exploitation.

Crm Customer Relationship Management - 1298 Words

Abstract CRM (Customer Relationship Management) as a strategy has increased popularity by connecting enterprises and customers closely through different mediums. This helps businesses to effectively understand, manage and sustain the customer relationship in a long run. With technology advancements and enormous amount of information available, enterprises are finding various ways to stay connected with the customers. CRM has been proven successful for lot of enterprises (small, medium large) and thus encouraging lot of new businesses to implement CRM in order to survive and compete in the world of Internet. This thesis, therefore, aims to study the viability of using the ASP (Application Service Providers) model for enterprises to†¦show more content†¦8 2.3.1 Operational CRM 8 2.3.2 Analytical CRM 10 2.3.3 Collaborative CRM 10 2.4 CRM market 11 2.5 Prominent CRM vendors 13 2.5.1 Siebel systems – Oracle 13 2.5.2 Salesforce.com 14 2.5.3 Microsoft Dynamics 14 2.5.4 SAP 15 2.5.5 Others 15 Chapter 3 : CRM for Enterprises 17 3.1 Objective and Structure of the chapter 17 3.2 Defining Enterprise’s 17 3.3 Characteristics of enterprise 19 3.4 Benefits 20 3.5 CRM as a strategic imperative for Enterprises 20 Chapter 4 : Implementing CRM 22 4.1 Objective and structure of the chapter 22 4.2 Developing a CRM vision 22 4.3 Defining common CRM requirements for organization 22 4.4 Determining CRM readiness 23 4.5 CRM implementation approach 24 4.5.1 On-Premise development 24 4.5.2 Cloud Based CRM 25 4.5.3 On-Premise VS Cloud Based CRM 26 4.6 Key issues in CRM implementation 27 4.6.1 Organizational changes 27 4.6.2 Business justification of CRM 28 4.6.3 Risk management 28 4.6.4 Integration 29 4.6.5 Project ownership 29 4.7 Conclusion 29 Chapter 5 : Exploring SaaS model 30 5.1 Objective and Structure of the Chapter 30 5.2 Introduction to SaaS 30 5.2.1 Characteristics 30 5.2.2 Benefits of SAAS model 32 5.3 Enterprises outsourcing CRM with ASPs 32 5.4 Conclusion 35 Part II Empirical Study 36 Chapter 6 : The Research 36 6.1 Objective and structure of the chapter 36 6.2 Research methodology 36 6.3 Measurement Instrument 38 6.4 Empirical data 38 6.4.1 Company overview 39 6.4.2 Selected products for research 43 6.5 Comparison 48 6.5.1 BusinessShow MoreRelatedCustomer Relationship Management (CRM)845 Words   |  3 PagesRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. 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To determine their target markets, companies look at age, location, gender and etc. For example, a firm that sells winter apparel will target customers who live in cold regionsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1456 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is significant in the service marketing these days, customers are the major element that relates to the company growth and profits. Understanding the customer purchase behavior and relationship is a key of success that commonly indicates the B2B B2C relationship management. CRM system provides the customer information that shows what customer wants and needs, and help sales person to increase the customer relationship with the organizationRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )3159 Words   |  13 PagesCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) is a strategy for operating all your enterprise’s relationships and interactions with your clients and future clients (What is CRM.) The CRM industry has been molded by monolithic trends over its lifetime. Back in the late 90s, intranets, extranets and the internet altered CRM into more collaborative approaches. The move to cloud has transformed CRM and the relative merchant success. It has definitely encouraged several more users to implement CRM solutionsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management ( Crm )1223 Words   |  5 PagesCustomer relationship management (CRM) is an essential part of every modern business. At the beginning of 21st century, the customer power dramatically increased due to Internet and technology development. The objectives of CRM are to build profitable and long-term relationships with customers. CRM is a complete system that provides a 360-degree view of the customer. It is also a method that tends to capture the experience of the consumers, and gain their trust to remain loyal customers. It is also

Improving The Changing Societal Norms Of Operations...

Productivity - ‘Check’; Efficiency - ‘Check’; Standardization - ‘Check’; Reverse Logistics Introduction Manufacturing and Services has undergone many changes and has evolved tremendously over the years. The evolution is primarily due to dynamic market place which changes according to changing societal norms. Operations management is the result of interplay between these two, (ever changing market and society) and in the process, adopted many new trends practices to serve the changing societal demands. Thus, understanding of Operations in yesteryears is essential to anticipate what beckons for it in the future. History of Operations The modern operations origin can be traced to the Industrial Revolution which began around 1770s in England. In its initial years only one person was responsible for production of goods from start to finish and systems were not very developed; modern machines were not available. With the advent of machine power, craft production started (skilled workers produce customized items with simple, flexible tools). It lacked in achieving economies of scale and the process was too slow. During 1950s With the World War II, pressure grew on manufacturing which led to adoption of quantitative models for different areas of operations management such as project management, forecasting and inventory. During 1970-1980s Quality Revolution: The world economy got liberalized and globalization set in. This onset led to increased competition among firmsShow MoreRelated Business Ethics and the Chinese Market Essay2925 Words   |  12 Pagesestablish a relation of profit that creates a support to their investors. The rules and laws of the corporation follows the sets, which are made by National Government of the country where they are operating however, they do not mainly play a role in changing the ethics of the country. It depends on the law and law enforcement agency of the country to create and to implement in the country. For instance, Google faced many challenges when they entered in China they had a strong control over the functioningRead MoreFactors Of An Non Linear Interconnecting Systems1888 Words   |  8 Pagesand provides a useful and practical framework for understanding and improving organisational life. Complexity depends mainly on three factors: 1. External factors like global financial crisis, foreign exchange rates, political decisions, customer buying behaviour, research and development, technology, natural disasters. 2. 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The outer circle outlined newly emerging and still amorphous responsibilities that business should assume to become more actively involved in improving the social environment. The attention was shifted from social responsibility to social responsiveness by several other writers. 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Applying two schools of thought in institutional theory, we conceptualize, first, the differences between CSR in theRead MoreUnderstanding Postmodernism5718 Words   |  23 Pagesï » ¿MANAGEMENT CHANGE Question 1: What are the implications for organizations of differences between postmodernists and realists in terms of how they view reality? It is hard, to describe postmodernism exactly in few sentences, since it is constant to develop. Instead, it might be significant to concentrate on what it claims to evade the modernist project. Postmodernism was at first a response to modernism, which is recognized with rationality, linearity, and purification (Featherstone 1991)

Impact of Globalization Trends on Education Structures and Policies Free Essays

Introduction Globalization is a widely discussed and contested topic. The process of globalization has profound impacts on the capacity of a nation to formulate its policies. It is accompanied by a seemingly endless process of change within education (Peters, 1992). We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Globalization Trends on Education Structures and Policies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization is one main issue that is increasingly attracting the attention of most academicians, researchers and policy makers. It has gained relevance in the context of higher education. Education is an important driver of growth and poverty reduction. Education policies have been in existence for quite some time and have played an important role in the development policy. The most recent wave of globalization is likely to have profound effects on education structures and policies across the world. What is globalization? ‘Globalisation’ is a term that describes the process of integrating societies by removing legal, political and geographical constraints (Trowler, 1998). Vulliamy (2004) describes it as a process which is rapidly integrating the world into one economic space via an increasingly networked global telecommunication system. A study by Tikly (2003), suggest globalization as an inevitable and largely irresistible phenomenon that contains opportunities and threats for national development. Globalization is therefore seen to be concerned principally with integration into global and regional markets underpinned by technologies Although internationalization is not new to education policies, the forces and tensions under the umbrella concept of globalization constitute dramatically different environment in which education institutions and policy makers operate in (Marginson, 1999). The changes to which education structures in UK and around the globe is exposed are complex and varied (Marginson, 1999). Nonetheless, the globalization concept indicates that these changes are somehow interrelated. For the purpose of this analysis, we will stress the following tendencies within the overall force of globalization: †¢ Restructuring of the economic world system due to rapid integration of the world economy resulting from a transformation to a post industrial knowledge economy and increasingly liberalized trade and commerce. †¢ Rise of network society due to technological advancements and the expansion of the internet †¢ Increasing virtual mobility of people, knowledge and capital resulting from the development of new transport facilities, expansion of the internet and increasingly world integrated community †¢ Complex cultural developments whereby we have an increasing cultural exchange and multicultural reality on the one hand of homogeneity and cultural differentiation and segregation on the other hand. †¢ Erosion of the nation state and a widening of the gap between socio-political regulation and economic activity. Such is the nature and complexities of forces associated with globalization. These forces define the social environment in which education structures and policies operate in (Green, 1999). Further, these forces condition the context in which education policies and structures have to operate and profoundly alter people’s experience of both formal and informal education (Green, 1995). For example, most institutions are transformed to become targets of corporate expansion and sites for branding. A more detailed explanation will be discussed below. Impact of globalization on education structures and policies Globalisation has profound impacts on education structures and policies. The impact is profound but also diverse, depending on the locality within the global arena. While there is often a danger of oversimplification and generalisation when dealing with globalisation, diversity has to be recognised and promoted to a certain extent. Various views have been expressed in literature with regard to the impact of contemporary globalization on the processes and structure of education worldwide. 1. Direct impacts on both the curriculum and pedagogy Carnoy (1999) suggests direct impacts on both the curriculum and pedagogy. There is little evidence however to support such an assessment. Whilst attempts have been made to inject global awareness on school curricula in western industrialized countries, these have generally remained very low status add-ons. Carnoy (1999) continues to argue that whilst the direct impacts on pedagogy and curriculum are limited, the more general influences of economic restructuring and political ideologies are immense. For instance, globalization is putting considerable premium on highly skilled and flexible workers in an organisation hence increasing the demand for university education. 2. Emerging ‘bordeless’ higher education market The most visible manifestation of globalisation in the education sector is the emerging ‘bordeless’higher education market. Globalization leads to huge increases in worldwide demand for higher education through opportunities created by the internet and new communication technologies which in turn shape an environment in which providers can expand their supply of educational facilities (Breier, 2001). Universities from Australia, North America, Europe and England are reaching out their educational provisions to the international market by actively recruiting international students through establishing branch campuses or via distance education, e-learning and other transnational activities (Breier, 2001). These increasing demands bring new providers into the market. The business of borderless education comprises various forms and developments including the emergence of corporate universities, professional association that are directly active in higher education, and media companies delivering educational programmes among others (Alao Kayode, 2005). These new providers extensively use the Internet and ICT as a delivery channel. 3. Erosion of national regulatory and policy framework Globalization is also associated with the erosion of national regulatory and policy frameworks in which institutions are embedded (Slattery, 1995). The policy framework is subject to erosion in an increasingly international environment marked by globalizing professions, liberalized market place, mobility of skilled labour, and international competition between institutions (Slattery, 1995). Most institutions acknowledge this and thus develop consortia, partnerships and networks to strengthen their position in the global arena. Schemes such as the European Credit transfer system and mobility programmes such as UMAP and SOCRATES can be developed to stimulate internationalization in higher education with respect to the various national policy frameworks (Dearden et al, 2002). There is need for an international regulatory framework that transcends the eroded national policy framework and steer to some extent the global integration of higher education system. 4. Create new and tremendously important demands and exigencies towards universities as knowledge centre’s Consequently, globalization creates new and tremendously important demands and exigencies towards universities as knowledge centers (Dearden et al, 2005). Research and development is crucial in any knowledge and information driven society. Globalization of research and development leads to a more mobile and highly competitive international market of researchers. Moreover, universities are called upon to take up responsibilities in the society, deepen democracy, act as mediators and to function as centre’s of critical debate. These higher demands placed upon them create tensions in institutions and stimulate other organizations to engage in such kind of activities. 5. Increasing demand for higher education worldwide Finally, the continuing trend of globalization is expected to increase the demand for higher education worldwide. In the developed world, the society will always ask for highly qualified and flexible workers. Modernization, economic development and demographic pressure increase the demand for higher education in most parts of the world (Blanden Machin, 2004). Governments and local institutions generally lack enough resources to deal with the increasing demand hence leaving an unmet demand to the international and virtual providers. This demand not only grows quantitatively but also becomes more diverse. The internet together with new technologies are increasingly providing new opportunities for more flexible delivery of higher education, thus increasing demand in some countries and meeting demands in others where traditional institutions have failed. These developments brought by globalization underpin the assertion that higher education will emerge as one of the booming markets in future (Blanden Machin, 2004). The need for an international regulatory framework There is a big difference in the way countries deal with private universities and transnational higher education. Greece and Israel, for instance, rarely recognize their diplomas and degrees (Blanden, Gregg Machin, 2005). While other countries residing in the developing world such as Malaysia recognize their incapacity to meet the increasing demand and thus welcome foreign providers (Blanden, Gregg Machin, 2005). Principally, there is no reason to oppose a positive and open attitude towards transnational higher education and private universities. In modern policy approach, it must be recognized that private and transnational institutions are also capable of fulfilling public functions. Despite the fact that traditional higher education institutions have a specific tradition and academic culture to defend, it should be amenable to competitors from diverse backgrounds. It therefore becomes imperative to have in place international and sustainable policy framework that deals with private and transnational providers. Conclusion The globalization trends are leading to a wide spread changes that are impacting on education worldwide. Nation states acknowledge this and have developed reforms to their educational systems in response to modernizing ideas and international trends. It should be noted that globalization represents a new and distinct shift in the relationship between states and supranational forces and that its impact on education is profound in a range of ways. Whilst this analysis does not present an exhaustive listing of the impact of globalization on education, it does bring out key dynamics and highlight important areas of action for academicians and policy makers with respect to globalization. (1557 words) Reference Alao Kayode (2005), Emerging Perspectives on Educational Assessment in an Era of Postmodernism, Commissioned paper presented at 31st Annual conference on International Association for Educational Assessment. Blanden.J.P., Gregg Machin.S (2005), Educational inequality and intergenerational mobility, The economics of education in the United Kingdom, Princeton, Princeton University press. Blanden.J Machin.S (2004), Educational inequality and the expansion of UK higher education, Scottish Journal of political economy, Vol 54, PP.230-49 Breier.M (2001), Curriculum Restructuring in Higher Education in Post-Apartheid South Africa, Pretoria Carnoy (1999), Education, globalization and nation state, Oxford, Oxford university press Dearden.L, Emmerson.C, Frayne Meghir.C (2005), Education subsidies and school drop-out rates Dearden.L, Mcintosh.C, Myck.M Vignoles.A (2002), The returns to academic and vocational qualifications in Britain, Bulletin of economic research, Vol 54, PP. 249-75 Green.A (1999), Education and globalization in Europe and East Asia: convergent and divergent trends, Journal of education policy, Vol 14, pp.55-71 Green.M.F (1995), Transforming British higher education: a view from across the Atlantic, Higher Education, Vol 29, pp.225-239 Marginson.S (1999), After globalization: emerging politics of education, Journal of Education Policy, Vol 14, pp.19-31. Peters M (1992), Performance and Accountability in ‘Post-industrial Society’: the crisis of the British universities, Studies in Higher Education, Vol 17, PP.123-139. Slattery, P. (1995) Curriculum development in the post modern era, New York, Garland Publishing Tikly (2003), Globalisation, knowledge economy and comparative education, vol 41, pp. 117-149 Trowler P.R (1998), Academics responding to change: new higher education frameworks and academic cultures, Buckingham, Open University Press. Vulliamy.G (2004), the impact of globalization on qualitative research in comparative and international education, journal of comparative and international education, Vol 34, pp.261-284 How to cite Impact of Globalization Trends on Education Structures and Policies, Essay examples

Re proposition to Stanley Remedies

Question: Write a letter to all managers regardingRe-proposition to Stanley Remedies for genetically modified medicine. Answer: To: All Managers From: Trevor Martin CEO of ABACAS Management Consultant Date: 24/05/16 Subject: Re-proposition to Stanley Remedies for genetically modified medicine After a prolong study of the potential market I have determine to Re-propose Australian pharmaceutical company Stanley Remedies to start their venture for genetically modified medicine for the market of Unite Kingdom. The first proposal was offered one year before regarding the aforesaid issue. They replied on that subject matter after six month of the receiving of the proposal. The client company made a sceptical analysis of the whole subject matter and find it difficult to implement. We received a formal rejection of the given proposal from their end in the month of December 2016. According to their proposal the project will not offer any opportunity of immediate prospect for the firm that realisation is propelling the company to abandon the project. The Australian counterpart of the company Mr. Andy Moor has described his stand regarding the issue. He describe the proposal is indicating towards a long term outcome rather any immediate return. An enterprise should not embark towards any uncertain direction that will not offer any immediate outcome. I do recognise the concern and admit to incorporate their view to constitute the re- proposition. I must appreciate the view of Mr. Ted Hume the G.M. of our client company Stanley Remedies in this occasion. Mr. Hume is critical regarding the high investment for the long term benefit, I do admit his concern but he also describe the proposal is indicating towards the horizon. Let the issue get analysed from this angle. The subject of our proposition can get defined as New Product Development. As it is known that in NPD strategy latent market demand and clients ability occupy important position. The demand for the proposed product has already been realised through the market research. There are several terminal illnesses such as cardiac problem and cancer are directly influenced by genetic issue. The live saving drug industry in all over world are introducing large amount of fund to develop the remedy for these cardinal threat of humanity. As we know our client has already confirm its position in the pharmaceutical industry of its own country Australia. This proposal is offering them to penetrate British market with the new product. In our last meeting held on 23.05.16 we have develop a consensus that the process of re-proposition is leading us towards a desirable direction. The visualisation we have made from our clients end is an imperative for any NPD endeavour. United Kingdom is the country known for its public health system National Health Service or NHS is a unique public health system that attracts interest of the patient from different part of the world. According to the statistics in the year 2013 fifty two thousand foreign patient has been treated in United Kingdom. This information validate our clime that in this country a base of high quality treatment already exist what an Australian company can explore by offering some high quality medicine that the market will accept. In our last meeting some prominent member of pour team expressed their views and concern regarding the subject area. The marketing head Mr. Felix expressed his concern regarding our expertise in this type of enterprise. As we know as a management consultant we do provide relevant support to the business enterprises, this endeavour is a market development activity from our end too. Our Australian client has already confirmed its prominent position in the indigenous local market of the country this particular status of any company induces them to opt for overseas market development. On the basis of the entire angle I must conceder this is the propitious atmosphere to embark beyond the familiar periphery. I do invite your suggestion in this regard. Reference: Binsardi, A., Ekwulugo, F. (2003). International marketing of British education: research on the students' perception and the UK market penetration.Marketing Intelligence Planning,21(5), 318-327. Carlile, P. R. (2002). A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries: Boundary objects in new product development.Organization science,13(4), 442-455. Ham, C., York, N., Sutch, S., Shaw, R. (2003). Hospital bed utilisation in the NHS, Kaiser Permanente, and the US Medicare programme: analysis of routine data.Bmj,327(7426), 1257. Leonardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Barton, D. (1992). Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development.Strategic management journal,13(S1), 111-125. Rust, R. T., Lemon, K. N., Zeithaml, V. A. (2004). Return on marketing: Using customer equity to focus marketing strategy.Journal of marketing,68(1), 109-127.

The Need to Care for the Environment Essay Example

The Need to Care for the Environment Paper Whether the issue is air pollution, endangered species, re-cycling, or clean water, all environmental scientists, educators, and policy-makers agree that the key to public understanding is public education. Without a thorough understanding of the problems facing the planet in terms of its fragile environment, humanity is on a collision course with disaster. It is not enough to warn people, impose economic sanctions, and establish strict regulations. People must understand why they should recycle, how they can take care of their waste, and what they can do to lessen their own individual impact on the earth. It is also essential that environmental education be appropriate and applicable to the person doing the learning. Too often, environmental education focuses on a topic far removed from the reality of the student. A child living in the mountains can have all the concern in the world for the manatee or the blue whale and be completely unaware of the forest degradation going on in her own mountain backyard. Likewise a Brentwood student can be vitally concerned about the nuclear waste dumps in the desert but still mindlessly damage her own unique environment. In order for environmental education to be truly effective it must be both relevant and applicable. Such awareness may be the only truly viable option that exists that can make a difference in saving or renewing the earths rapidly diminishing natural resources. We will write a custom essay sample on The Need to Care for the Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Need to Care for the Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Need to Care for the Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Such education must be fully integrated so that the student can understand the interrelatedness of all aspects of the environment, including her role within it. Once a person understands that all life on earth, not just human life, is dependent on the health and protection of the environment, it is no longer possible to dismiss the planet as a nothing more than an object designed to meet human needs and desires. The most valuable time to begin such environmental education and awareness is with teenagers while they have not yet lost their sense of connection to all that surrounds them. In order to best communicate the importance of the environment and the need to care for it as vigilantly as human beings care for themselves, students must begin to learn at an early age to respect the earth, its environment and all of its inhabitants. The environment is not some abstract concept. That lesson must continue to be taught and learned throughout life in order to facilitate meaningful change. Each individual must understand the consequences of her actions on the surrounding environment, whether it is in a rural area or city. Teenagers are, admittedly, creatures of self-interest but certainly there can be no greater service to oneself than the assurance that there is clean air to breathe, fresh water to drink, healthy food to eat or sanitary housing. The foundation and encouragement of that self-interest is education. Beginning in the first years of school, children are taught the processes of life on this planet. Even very young kids can easily understand that a strong plant cannot grow in unhealthy soil or that trash does not simply disappear. There can be no more valuable lesson than how to not poison oneself through unthinking or greed-based actions. Active recycling is genuinely a better lesson than algebra and living more simply in the midst of a consumer-driven society is undeniably more useful than memorizing the dates of battles long since fought. Environmental education can and does make a difference and is a valuable ideal for the future.

The French Verb Conjugations of Chauffer (to Heat)

The French Verb Conjugations of Chauffer (to Heat) In French,  the verb  chauffer  means  to heat. This can easily be confused with chauffeur as in driver. To keep it straight, think of the verb more like a chaffing dish, meaning a heated food serving platter you often see at buffets or banquets. Conjugating the French Verb  Chauffer​ As with all French verbs, we need to conjugate  chauffer  in order for it to mean heating or heated. The -ing and -ed endings are English conjugations and they are universal to the subject. Yet, in French, we must match the verb with the tense as well as the subject: the endings for we is different than the endings for I. While verb conjugations are challenging  for many French students, those that end in -er  often follow a prescribed pattern.  Chauffer  is one of those because it is a  regular -er verb. We take the stem of  chauff  and add particular endings according to the subject and tense. These same endings are used for similar verbs like  brà »ler  (to burn) and  allumer  (to light), making each a little easier to learn than the first. Using the chart, pair the subject pronoun to the proper tense for your subject. For example, I heat is je chauffe and we will heat is nous chaufferons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je chauffe chaufferai chauffais tu chauffes chaufferas chauffais il chauffe chauffera chauffait nous chauffons chaufferons chauffions vous chauffez chaufferez chauffiez ils chauffent chaufferont chauffaient The Present Participle of  Chauffer The  present participle  of chauffer  is chauffant. For this conjugation, it is as easy as adding -ant  to the verb stem. It is used as a verb and will also work as an adjective, gerund, or noun when needed. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © A  common way to express the past tense heated in French is to use the  passà © composà ©. To do this, conjugate the  auxiliary, or helping verb  avoir  to the correct subject, then add the  past participle  chauffà ©. For instance, I heated becomes jai chauffà © and we heated is nous avons chauffà ©. You should note that  ai  and  avons  are conjugates of  avoir.  Also, the past participle does not change when the subject does. More Simple  Chauffer  Conjugations to Know At first, students should focus on the present, past, and future forms of  chauffer  as these are used most often. With experience, you may also find a use for the subjunctive or conditional verb forms. Both of these imply some degree of uncertainty to the verb. In rare instances and primarily in literature, you will see the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive forms of  chauffer. While you may not use or need them yourself, you should at least be able to recognize and associate them with to heat. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je chauffe chaufferais chauffai chauffasse tu chauffes chaufferais chauffas chauffasses il chauffe chaufferait chauffa chauffà ¢t nous chauffions chaufferions chauffà ¢mes chauffassions vous chauffiez chaufferiez chauffà ¢tes chauffassiez ils chauffent chaufferaient chauffà ¨rent chauffassent For short and direct exclamations, use  chauffer  in the imperative form. To do so, theres no need to include the subject pronoun. Rather than saying tu chauffe, you can simply say chauffe. Imperative (tu) chauffe (nous) chauffons (vous) chauffez

An investigation into managing human resources and employment Essay

An investigation into managing human resources and employment practices in Iran study - Essay Example By addressing the above objectives, the dissertation hopes to bring available theories and practices together, providing valuable literature on Iran Human resources management and global human resources management. There are very few academic papers that have been published in the field of Human Resources management in Iran in English, while there are number of post graduated dissertations and undergraduate projects that are published by Iranian University students in Farsi. In recent years, PhD graduate, Mrs. Pari Namazi (2006) has selected her PhD dissertation on this topic, which is a great starting point that is published and can be found in Online Library of University of Liverpool. Furthermore, in the past few years Iran Human Resources Society, in cooperation with the IDRO has organized annual Human resources Development conferences in Tehran and has called for papers from scholars and experts in this field, within Iran and outside. I have presented two papers in past two annual conferences in 2003 and 2004. Finally, in 2006, the book written by Pari Namazie and Monir Tayeb and published by Routledge on Managing human resources in the Middle East contains a chapter (ch.2) addressing human resources management in Iran. The fundamental approach of this study will be based on desk research that will focus on examining the literatures, laws and regulations, and global and local statistical information. In addition, academic human resources management literature and theory research will be conducted for comparative analyzes. Finally, to make the dissertation academically and practically worthy for HR professionals, I will use structure interviews with Iranian business leaders and HR professionals in private sector and multinational companies operating in Iran. These interviews will be selective and limited to the field of resourcing, people management, compensation and benefit, labor relation and labor law. Project Plan Milestone Description Due date Remarks 1 Stage 1: Area of interest identified Wk2 2 Stage 2: Specific topic selected Wk4 3 Stage 3: Topic refined to develop dissertation proposal WK 17 4 Stage 4: Proposal written and submitted Wk18 5 Stage 5: Collection of data and information Wk 19 6 Stage 6: Analysis and interpretation of collected data/information Wk20 7 Stage 7: Writing

Tourism's Social, Cultural, and Ecological Impact Essay

Tourism's Social, Cultural, and Ecological Impact - Essay Example There can be no doubt that when an area is opened up for tourism that there will be significant changes. Tourism, while stimulating the economy, places the social order, the cultural values, and the ecology of the area at great risk. The social structure of a tourist area will change dramatically as the enterprise matures. A study on North Cape Norway by Gerald (2005, p.48) found that the seasonal nature of the employment opportunities attracted in-migration to the area during the peak season, as well as an out-migration of young people dissatisfied with the "employment prospects offered by seasonal tourism". One respondent to the study noted the personal change that takes place and reported that contact with the tourists caused her to, "become someone ... something you're not. Without knowing it consciously, and it just seems like you are so cosmopolitan, so sophisticated" (Gjerald 2005, p.49). When we add in the factors of stressing the infrastructure, changes in local politics, and the loss of existing social networks the social change is substantial. While the social order is at risk of great change, cultural traditions and values may all but disappear. Tourist destinations are often modeled on the tourist it intends to attract, while the local culture is placed on display as an oddity. The islands of Aruba and Barbuda are, "exemplified by the dominance of large scale resorts, convention trade, and the increasing prevalence of manmade attractions like shopping, gambling, and cruise traffic" (Thomas, Pigozzi, & Sambrook 2005, p.19). In addition, Gerald (2005, p.50) reports a modest increase in drugs, alcohol use, theft, and sexual assault in the North Cape Norway area. Meanwhile, local customs and traditions are relegated to be a display for the tourists, rather than have any meaningful cultural value.

Culture of the Penan Tribe

Culture of the Penan Tribe The review that I would like to made among the 5 tribes that acted by the Bruce Parry is the Penan tribe. First of all, I would like to introduce briefly about the character of Bruce Parry. Bruce Parry is an activist that venture into the most remote area of Sarawak state in Malaysian Borneo. He believes that the only ways to knows more about the culture anthropology and knowledge for a tribe is to have a participant observation in his fieldwork. Participant observations mean that living within a given culture for an extended period of time, and take part in its cultural daily life in all its richness and diversity. The Penan is a nomadic aborigine that roved on the land of Sarawak Borneo and some other parts on Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan. Nowadays, the number of Penan had officially stated approximate to 10,000 people and around 350-500 of them are nomadic that scattered over Ulu Baram, Limbang, Tutoh and Lawas of Sarawak. (Figures retrieved from: http://www.survival-international.org) The present Penans are consisted with settled, semi-nomadic and total nomadic communities that fully depend on the forest products. In Penan society, the natives are highly developed in an egalitarian society and little gender division. It means that the social stratification among the man and women are almost equal. For instance, the man and women shared most of the chores among them. Such as, gathering the forest product and extracted sago from the sago palms, but they are still some part of chores that dominated by male, for example, hunting in the forest. Penan is a group of native that practiced the ritual of Molong which means that never take more than necessary. The majority of the Penan natives are work as nomadic hunter-gatherers. The nomadic Penan usually moves in group that consisted approximately 40 people included children and old people. They do not stayed for a long time in a particular place. The period of time that they stay is depend on the resources at the place that they stayed and when the resources became fewer, they will choose other suitable places and moved again. The nomadic Penan native that lived in the forest was very much depending on their traditional diet-Sago that starch from the Sago palm. Once, the Sago palms are matured and fully grown, the sago palm trees will be cut down. The leader of the collecting sago palm will make sure an amount of sago starched is enough for each family and kept adequately for their supply. After that no more sago palm will be chop down until they are ran out of food. Besides that, the Penan native also preys on wild animals like wild boars, mouse deer and monkeys. The hunters hunt by using a blowpipe, made with the Belian wood and carved out with a bone drill. The poison darts that they used are made from the sago palms tree bark and on its tip; the Penan dipped it with kind of powerful poisonous latex that extracted from a tree from the forest. However, the Penan natives also cultivate the planting of paddy and domestic animal breeding for their own foods not for sales. Furthermore, I would like to discuss briefly about the Penan culture. Culture can be defined as a learned behavior in any particular society includes those ideas, techniques and habits which are passed on by one generation to another in a sense, a social heritage and which are virtually a set of solutions to problems that, in the course of time, others have met and solved before. (Tony Bilton, Kevin Bonnett, Philp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard, and Andrew Webster, 1987, page 11) The nomadic Penan move in groups and they have their own clan territories, the groups are consisted of a family of five or six members and some family even consisted of 30 people. The nomadic Penan will leave their old selap (huts) and move to another domain of forest when their sago supplies are exhausted. The majority of the roofs are tarpaulins and there are seldom roof made by giant palm leaves. In the aspect of material cultures, only Penan elders dress in traditional dress, which called chawats means that the loin cloths, and wearing large holes in their earlobes. Nowadays, the Penan natives are making the tattoos by themselves which is almost like prison tattoos. Only few Penan now go in barefoot, most of them are wearing cheap plastic boots with rounded studs to protect their foots. In addition, I would like to discuss about the Penan traditional weapons that are used for hunting. For example the Penans blowpipes which is used for hunting wild animals. The another name for blowpipe is called keleput, are approximately 6 feet long and made from one solid piece of iron wood. Secondly, the process of making the Penan poison darts is cutting off the bark of the tajem tree to extract milky latex that is warmed over a fire to produce the poison. The poison darts can cause lethal arrhythmias to the animals. Blowpipe darts are made from palm fronds with light weight. Darts with metal tips which cut from tin cans are used for bigger size wild animals like deer and bearded pig. The last weapon used by Penan hunters is knives. The Penan hunters are carrying two knives. The first knife is called a poeh, is large and machete-like. The second knife is called darhad which is much smaller than peoh and is used for cutting meat, whittling blowpipe darts and fine work. Both knive s are carried close together with the Penan hunters. Besides that, in the aspect of religion believe for Penan native, the Penan have been converting their animism belief to Christianity since in the 1930s. According to the functionalist Emile Durkheim, religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden beliefs and practice which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them. (Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn, 2006, page 390) However, some of the Penan native still having a strong believe in myths and spirits. The Penan leaders still practice the ritual of blood pacts with neighboring tribe when doing the political agreement. The ritual of blood pacts was believed that anyone who breach of this pact will cause to vomiting of blood and a violent death. Moreover, in the aspect of economic for Penan native, most of the Penan are work as a hunter gatherer in forest and selling the main resource of the forest which is sago. The economy can be defined as a system of production, distribution, and consumption of resources, including the cultural belief that supports economic processes. During the colonial times, the British government will arrange trading missions called tamu close to the forests of the Penan to offered forest products like damar (now used in eco-paints), rattan mats and baskets, rhino horn, gaharu wood (or eagle-wood), wild rubber, monkey gallstones (for Chinese medicine), bills of hornbills, and deer antlers. These items were traded for manufacturing goods like knives, cooking pots and shotguns. None of these forest products are now abundant, but many Penans will sell surplus meat to logging camps. The Penan native also sold the high quality gaharu from gaharu tree but that can take years to accumulate. Gaharu is used a s incense, for medicinal and religious purposes, and as a perfume in the Middle East countries. For the division of labor for Penan, the man will always go for hunting and the woman will generally gather the sago from the sago palm tree and do the house chores. The pattern of economic subsistence for Penan native is foraging and horticulture. For instance, they are foraging in groups for wild plants and hunting for wild animals like wild boar and mouse deer. However, some Penan hunter still practicing the pedestrian foraging which means that the hunters are diversified hunting and gathering on foot. For the horticulture, they also rear some chickens, pigs, and monkey outside their house. The Penan native also having symbolic interactionism when they are hunting inside the forest. According to the principal ontological claim of symbolic interactionist is that reality is not immutable or fixed but is constantly being recreated or achieved through the meaningful interaction of individuals. (Tony Bilton, Kevin Bonnett, Philp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard, and Andrew Webster, 1987, page 521) Symbolic interactionism means that the interaction among people, how people use symbols in communication and interaction to establish meaning, develop their view of the world, and communicate with one another. The Penan natives have their own forest sign language. For example, a bent twig stuck in the trail may simply delivering the direction of the hunter is going. The complex arrangements of cut twigs, sticks and folded leaves means that delivering the message to the Penan native about anything from the state of the hunting locally to the others hunter whether they are in go od mood or not. Furthermore, the Penan native also facing social changes in the Penan society. In general terms social change refers to the changes in the nature, social institution, social behavior or social relations of a society, or other social structures. According to Barbara Marliene S. Mary Ann A. Schwartz (2006) social change was defined as the time when external events happened, such as war and conquest and culture contact and diffusion, or environmental factors or internal events, such as innovations, invention and population shifts. For instance, in Penan society, the Penan native was influenced by the cultural diffusion from western, such as wearing t-shirt and jeans, cooking pot and cups made from western and lastly some of the hunter are using shotgun for hunting instead of using the blowpipes. The collective action also occur among the Penan natives toward the government when the logging company keep on cutting of the tree in Penan forest without paying any compensate and development to the Penan area. For example, many blockades were set up in attempt to stop logging operations on their land. Unfortunately, the efforts were hard to carry on and the situation turns bad with vast scale of clashes between the indigenous community and the state supported logging company. The Penan native also facing social changes because of the the geography and climate. It is because, the Penan natives is dealing with the survival problems inside the forest. Their food becomes hard to attain and the inhabited environment was contaminated because of the serious logging happened in Penan forest. These kinds of situation makes their natives life in the jungle becomes tough and unease. So, the member in the group is keep decreasing due to migration. Migration refers to the movement of people into or out of a geographical area (Barbara S Mary A, 2006). So, in future, many youngsters who grew up in the nomadic group will choose to move out from the community and headed to the life style in the city. It is because the young people rather choose a spouse from the city than they own people that stayed in the group. In the aspect of development in Penan society, the Penan native did not want any development from the government to them and they just want their own traditional life remains. According to Hunt, E. F. Colander, human being appears to be basically conservative and the human mind and personality are so constituted that once people beliefs, attitudes, and patterns of behavior, they have difficulty in changing them. (Hunt, E. F. Colander, D.C. 2005, page 90) The statement above have shown that why the Penan natives reject the development from government. However, the logging company which could bring development and economic rises to the country have also cause a lot of negative impact to the Penan natives. For instance, the poorly planned logging trails had caused the issues of earth erosion, landslides and the silting of watercourses happened. The situation had affected the functional relation among the Penan and the forest. The big trees which were removed had cause the Penan native hard to gather and hunting for their foods. Lastly half of the habitat of Penan native was being demolished. In the aspect of family in Penan society, the Penan natives are having closure group of marriage, it means that the Penan native will only married each other which is in their own tribe. According to Murdock, family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults. (James Fulcher, John Scott, 2007, page 447) Most of the family in Penan society is nuclear family and extended family. Nuclear family refers to a domestic unit composed of a man and woman in a stable marital relationship, with their dependent children, and the extended families refer to where more than one generation of husbands and wives cohabit with their offspring. (Tony Bilton, Kevin Bonnett, Philp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard, and Andrew Webster, 1987, page 253) Most of the family member in Penan was built in extended family where the Penan natives live and work together inside their huts. In the aspect of gender in Penan society, gender can be defined as a term that has psychological or cultural rather than biological connotations. If the proper terms for sex are male and female, the corresponding terms for gender are masculine and feminine; these latter might be quite independent of biological sex. (Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn, 2006, page 304) The Penan natives are having their gender identity through the gender socialization. According to Ann Oakley, gender socialization is how socialization in modern industrial societies shapes the identity and behavior of girl and boys from an early age. (Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn, 2006, page 316) For instance, the Penans male when they are born they have to be a hunter-gatherer and do some rough work or learning the skill of doing rattans. The female who are born will have to do the h ouse chores with their mother and do the fine work like collecting sago or fruits. As a conclusion, the social changes have caused a lot of conflict among the Penan tribe and the government. Individual, groups, communities are reluctant to change and facing big struggle to adjust from the life style and conditions that they had used with, so many aspects in life have to be considered. At the same time the society have to differ themselves to maintain existing conditions. The Penan resists change because of their romanticized notion of traditional values and the good old days. (Barbara S, Mary A, 2006) For example, the Penan people valued their forest habitat and their traditional rituals very much and fear of losing each of them caused them hesitated to receive changes. So, the phenomenon of the Penan resistance is natural and it is common if they persisted in their objection. References: James Fulcher, John Scott. 2007. Sociology: Third Edition. United States. Oxford University Press Inc. Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn. 2006. Sociology Themes and Perspectives: 3rd Edition. Australia. Pearson Longman. Tony Bilton, Kevin Bonnett, Philp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard, and Andrew Webster. 1987. Introductory Sociology: 2nd Edition. Mackays of Chatham PLC, Kent. Barbara Marliene Scott Mary Ann A. Schwartz. 2006. SOCIOLOGY: 2nd edition, Making Sense of the Social World. Allyn and Bacon Pearson. Elgin F. Hunt David C. Colander. 2005. Social Science: An Introduction To The Study Of Society. James H. McDonald. 2002. The Applied Anthropology Reader. Allyn and Bacon Pearson. BBC Tribe of Penan from the website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/tribe/tribes/penan/index.shtml, retrieved at 1 April 2010 Figures retrieved from the website: http://www.survival-international.org, retrieved at 4 April 2010.

Characteristics for good governance in Afghanistan Essay

Good governance is perhaps the single and most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting development. The terms â€Å"governance† and â€Å"good governance† are now fully part of the language of development whereas bad governance is broadly recognized as a root cause of poverty, good governance is often seen as a way to cure all social and political and economic ills. Donors and companies are increasingly basing their aid and investments on countries based on governance conditions or plans for reform. Some equate governance failure with global trends such as climate change or the youth bulge as a force are able to rapidly undo development efforts, whereas governance success has the potentiality to quickly leverage and sustain development gains. Governance is thus a central part of the development landscape. Governance is also a powerful component of integrated programming for Mercy Corps and many non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Since, at its core, gov ernance is about decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented, its influence cross-cuts all sectors and locations of relief and development programming. Mercy Corps believes that each country needs to decide its own economic and social priorities with leadership from government, in partnership with and accountable to the people who live in the country. Good governance brings the informed will of the people into governments’  decision-making. In this way, good governance is not an end in itself, but rather a means to building and sustaining secure, productive and just communities Characteristics for good governance in Afghanistan Afghanistan is going through a transition period which involves the transfer of security responsibilities from international troops to Afghan authorities. At the same time it is being considered that transition of security arrangements alone would not solve the issues in Afghanistan. Rather the overall scenario has to go through a transition. The country has to seek a suitable reconciliation process and above all the Afghan political system has to go through a process of change so as to make it able to govern its people properly. There have been controversies regarding Afghan government and its capacity to deal with the challenges within the country. In fact, it has been observed that Afghan government has not been able to provide rudimentary requirements of life to majority of its people and have not been able to seek appropriate solution to various political problems that influence the system to a great extent. There has been a label of corruption and many, both in national and int ernational circles, do not believe that it has the potential to achieve ‘good governance’. Though the international community has, on various occasions, emphasized that their support is conditioned on the basis of good governance yet there has not been major steps taken by Afghan government to make achievements in this regard. A decade of support and assistance seems to have gone in vain and the country still suffers from myriads of problems. The capacity of good governance is judged by its potential to offer the basic requirements of life to the people easily and readily. Moreover, it must strive to raise the standard of living of the masses. Government stands as one of the most important actors in good governance. It is the government that decides whether good governance is achieved or not. There are certain important characteristics that must be achieved so as to establish it. Good governance has to be participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of law. Good governance str ives that there should be participation of all the important groups of the society within the decision making process  and must involve both men and women. Participation could be either direct or through legitimate intermediates institutions or representatives. It is important to point out that representative democracy does not necessarily mean that the concerns of the most vulnerable in society would be taken into consideration in decision making. Participation needs to be informed and organized. This means freedom of association and expression on the one hand and an organized civil society on the other hand. Unfortunately, in our country Afghanistan the decision making is not carried out through proper participation of the representatives of the people. In fact, the decision making process is very much centralized. An important characteristic of good governance is that it is consensus oriented. There are several actors and different opinions in a given society. Good governance requires mediation of the different interests in society to reach a broad consensus in society on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this can be achieved. It also requires a broad and long-term perspective on what is needed for sustainable h uman development and how to achieve the goals of such development. This can only result from an understanding of the historical, cultural and social contexts of a given society or community. Afghan government has not been able to develop a strong consensus and the ruling class does not seem much bothered about any sort of consensus. Accountability is a key requirement of good governance. Not only governmental institutions but also the private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to the public and to their institutional stakeholders. Afghan government, on the other hand, has been formed in such a way that it is difficult to hold the Presidential Office accountable for its policies and actions. It can do whatever it wants without standing accountable to its people. As a matter of fact accountability can be achieved when there is transparency and the rule of law. However, both these characteristics seem to be non-existent in Afghan society. Transparency and rule of law can be maintained when there is proper separation of power and the different organs of state can function on their own independently. In fact, judiciary and law enforcement agencies must be capable to hold the law as the top priority matter. In Afghan political system the separation of powers is not clear and the judiciary is composed of what the Presidential Office decides. Moreover , the powerful and the rich are mostly considered  above the law and the poor and weak have to go through the ‘quagmire of law and order system’. Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe. It means that it should be responsive. In the same way it should also ensure equity and inclusiveness. A society’s wellbeing depends on ensuring that all its members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society. This requires all groups, but particularly the most vulnerable, have opportunities to improve or maintain their wellbeing but what Afghan government has to offer us is the negligence of the most vulnerable. The minority groups in fact suffer from lack of proper participation in decision making and they find their existence threatened within the society. Good governance also means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best of resources at their disposal. The concept of efficiency in the context of good governance also covers the sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of environment. It is correct that all the characteristics mentioned above cannot be a chieved by a government or a society as they portray what an ideal governance must hold, but it is also true that there are many nations in the world that, to a satisfying extent, have achieved most of them. Therefore, Afghan government has to strive to achieve these characteristics if it really wants to achieve ‘good governance’ and wants to serve its people in a better way. Conclusion Good governance is perhaps the single and most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting development. Good governance is often seen as a way to cure all social and political and economic ills. Donors and companies are increasingly basing their aid and investments on countries based on governance conditions or plans for reform. The capacity of good governance is judged by its potential to offer the basic requirements of life to the people easily and readily. Moreover, it must strive to raise the standard of living of the masses. Government stands as one of the most important actors in good governance To conclude; the good characteristics for Afghanistan government are: 1. Delivery of basic services to its people 2. Defending and protecting national interest and lives of its people. 3.  Implementation of law and protecting its sovereignty. 4. Monitoring and implementing of law and the three branches of government as Judiciary, Executive, Legislature 5. Effective and adequate organizations and departments headed by right persons, decision making and implementing etc. . 6. Participation between government and public. 7. Prevention and fight against corruption and social injustice. 8. Good relations with neighboring countries like IRAN, Pakistan 9. Accountability to the public and heard the voice of vulnerable in country. 10. Government should prepare the ground for domestic and foreign investors. 11. Tasks based on meritocracy 12. Fight against discrimination which still exists and plays a vital role in our country. 13. Improve of economy and decrease unemployment, poverty level. 14. Control and monitor the monetary policy in country by central bank of Afghanistan. Reference 1. http://go.worldbank.org/M1JHE0Z280 2. David Brown is Director, Special Projects, at the Public Policy Forum, Ottawa, Canada and former President of the IIAS. David Brown 3. International Review of Administrative Sciences 2005; 71; 241 DOI: 10.1177/0020852305053883 4. http://msg-itlg.blogspot.com/2008/01/advantagesdisadvantages-of-electronic.html

Research about National Museum Essay

The National Museum of the Philippine is the official repository established in 1901 as a natural history and ethnography museum of the Philippines. Some of the historical artifacts, instruments, and other things came from Philippine ancestors. One of the things that are restored here was the Spolarium 1884 a National Cultural Treasure by Juan Luna. National Museum has a very important role in our country to preserve the things we have from the past. National Museum gives the people information about the things we learned from the school especially for the students. National Museum of the Philippines must improve the location, the areas inside the museum and other information inside it. It is because this museum is one of the major attractions in Manila and also in the Philippines. Improving or developing the surrounding and some areas of National Museum will help the country to gain more tourists because of the curiosity of the tourist to know more about the history hidden from the past in the Philippines. This museum will help the tourist to give importance in the culture of the Philippines have. This chapter represents the background of the study about the developing plan of National Museum of the Philippines. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY National Museum of the Philippines is one of the major attractions here in Manila. Its image inside and outside of the museum must attract more international and local tourists. Also, this attraction will benefit the students from their studies in histories and other subjects like sciences. Nowadays, the community of Manila was starting to develop its image to improve its service for the tourists and attract more people to visit this  place. Some people suddenly had forgotten its treasure inside the museum. Only few people visit this place and some of this is students. People nowadays don’t appreciate its beauty and think it was a boring attraction for them. People usually seek some adventurous place to visit and make them satisfied in their vacation. But the National Museum of the Philippines make some events and exhibit to expose the things inside the museum. They also welcome new inventions and new things came from the people in this era. The planners gather some data about the things that should be develop inside and outside the museum. Planners think of some ideas how to prevent its decline opportunity to cater the Philippines to be a one of the treasure attraction in Manila. Some of the recommendation and plans will help the people who handled the museum to implement and develop the museum. This paper focuses on the developing plan inside and outside of the Philippine National Museum. It deals in the idea to preserve and attract more people or tourist to know more about the historic and treasured place in Manila and all over the Philippines. OTHER INFORMATION FOR NATIONAL MUSEUM This is the current picture of The National Museum of the Philippines. National Museum is the repository and guardian of the Philippines’ natural and cultural heritage. As one of the lead government cultural agencies, it is tasked to achieve the goals of instilling cultural consciousness and a sense of pride and nationalism among Filipino citizens through its activities covering the sciences, education and culture. Established in 1901 as an ethnography and natural history museum, and subsequently housed in its present building which was designed in 1918 by the American Architect, Daniel Burnham, the National Museum has since then broadened its concerns in the arts and sciences. Today, it occupies the main building (former Old Congress Building) where the arts, natural sciences and other support divisions are housed and the adjacent former Finance building in the Agrifina Circle of Rizal Park now called The National Museum of the Filipino People where the Anthropology and Archa eology Divisions. The Vision Statement of the National Museum is â€Å"A Filipino nation, unified by a deep sense of pride in their common identity, cultural heritage and natural patrimony and imbibed with the spirit of nationalism and strong commitment to the protection and preservation of their legacy.† The National Museum has a tri-dimensional goal covering diverse fields of knowledge through various educational, scientific and cultural activities. As an educational institution, the National Museum disseminates scientific and technical knowledge in more understandable and practical forms through lectures, exhibitions, interviews, and publications for students and the general public. As scientific institution, the National Museum conducts basic research programs combining integrated laboratory and field work in anthropology and archaeology, geology and paleontology, botany and zoology. It maintains reference collections on these disciplines and promotes scientific development in the Philippines. As a cultural center, the National Museum has taken the lead in the study and preservation of the nation’s rich artistic, historic and cultural heritage in the reconstruction and rebuilding of our nation’s past and venerating the great individuals who helped in the building hou sed. One of the artifacts that National Museum features is the â€Å"Spolarium† which is in a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum where the fallen and dying gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions. It is the most valuable oil-on-canvas painting by Juan Luna, a Filipino educated at the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura (Philippines) and at the Academia de San Fernando in Madrid, Spain. With a size of 4.22 meters x 7.675 meters, it is the largest painting in the Philippines. A historical painting, it was made by Luna in 1884 as an entry to the prestigious Exposicion de Bellas Artes (Madrid Art Exposition, May 1884) and eventually won for him the First Gold Medal. In 1886, it was sold to the Diputacià ³n Provincial de Barcelona for 20,000 pesetas. It currently hangs in the main gallery at the ground floor of the National Museum of the Philippines, and is the first work of art that  greets visitors upon entry into the museum. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1. What is the promotional strategy of Philippine National Museum as one of the tourist attraction in Manila? 2. How does the host community will help the Philippine National Museum in sustaining their tourist arrival? 3. How does a foreign tourist will help the Philippine National Museum in preserving and improving the Museum? 4. Is the existing situation of Philippine National Museum is enough to increase tourists? 5. What are the other tourism development opportunities in Philippine National Museum? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1. To know the promotional strategy of Philippine National Museum as one of the tourist attraction in Manila. 2. To know how the host community will help the Philippine National Museum in sustaining their tourist arrival. 3. To know how local tourists will help the Philippine National Museum in preserving and improving the Museum. 4. To know if the existing situation of Philippine National Museum is enough to increase tourists. 5. To know what are the other tourism development opportunities in Philippine National Museum. CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION ANALYSIS I. Tourism Issues and Development Opportunities Resources Feature Issues Tourism Development Opportunities Tourism Development Constraints Quality Disseminating more information about what the Philippine National Museum can give some benefits to our country. The promotion of this attraction can give the museum to attract more tourists to go here and to maintain the nature of the museum. It will also help the museum to maintain the quality they give to all visitor coming to them In current situation of the museum, there is ongoing renovation. So the media can’t easily provide any information about the plans of the museum. Only if the museum already done in renovating the can promote the museum easily. Uniqueness The museum will help to tell the history of the Philippines. It includes the culture, arts and historical materials inside the museum. It will give more information to all tourists coming in the museum about the history and other special things and events from the past of the Philippines. Some of the tourist, visitor and other traveler want an adventure kind of tour. Some of the tourists did not satisfy what a museum give to them. Appeal The maintenance of the structure, other facilities inside the Philippine National Museum and other attraction around the museum. Beautiful attraction can attract more visitors especially if the structure of the building inside and outside is good enough to satisfy what the tourist needs to know about the museum. The Philippine National Museum is ongoing renovation and construction in some area. But it will help the museum to attract more tourists after the renovation. II. SWOC ANALYSIS STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES Philippine National Museum is in Manila only. It will benefit the student for their tours or field trip. It will help for the researches and other things that are needed in collecting the data about the Philippines. There is always a traffic or congestion within the area. Only few people know about the information about the museum. Some of the travelers do not like to visits museums Some traveler was not interested about what the Philippine National Museum have Some city tour can include the Philippine National Museum. Job opportunities for all the workers of tourism management. Increase number of tourist coming in the Philippines. Increase number of visitor n Manila. Worsening the traffic problems in Manila. Competition in other nearby tourist attraction. Unpredictable weather condition. Quality of the new maintenance of the building. TOURISM ACTIONS PLAN GOAL: To help the Philippine National Museum in having a unique tactic in promoting their Museum. OBJECTIVES: To know the promotional strategy of Philippine National Museum as one of the tourist attraction in Manila. GOAL: To inform local community about the possible effect in their lifestyle. OBJECTIVES: To know how the host community will help the Philippine National Museum in sustaining their tourist arrival. GOAL: To ascertain that local tourists can give sufficient funds or support to preserve and to improve the museum. OBJECTIVES: To know how local tourists will help the Philippine National Museum in preserving and improving the Museum. ACTIONS STEP BY KEY PLAYER 1. A fare in each people who are arriving in the museum. Government 2. Provide a learning trip for all students in awareness about museums. Government and Host GOAL: To encourage government in improving the Philippine National Museum. OBJECTIVES: To know if the existing situation of Philippine National Museum is enough to increase tourists. ACTIONS STEP BY KEY PLAYER 1. To renovate the museum. Government 2. Provide a sufficient fund in upgrading the facilities of the museum. Government GOAL: Provide Job opportunities. OBJECTIVES: To know what are the other tourism development opportunities in Philippine National Museum. ACTIONS STEP BY KEY PLAYER 1. Allow the museum to have tour guides, more security companion. Government 2. To promote as one of the best museum and attract more tourist here in the Philippines. Government