Culture of the Penan Tribe

Culture of the Penan Tribe The review that I would like to made among the 5 tribes that acted by the Bruce Parry is the Penan tribe. First of all, I would like to introduce briefly about the character of Bruce Parry. Bruce Parry is an activist that venture into the most remote area of Sarawak state in Malaysian Borneo. He believes that the only ways to knows more about the culture anthropology and knowledge for a tribe is to have a participant observation in his fieldwork. Participant observations mean that living within a given culture for an extended period of time, and take part in its cultural daily life in all its richness and diversity. The Penan is a nomadic aborigine that roved on the land of Sarawak Borneo and some other parts on Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan. Nowadays, the number of Penan had officially stated approximate to 10,000 people and around 350-500 of them are nomadic that scattered over Ulu Baram, Limbang, Tutoh and Lawas of Sarawak. (Figures retrieved from: http://www.survival-international.org) The present Penans are consisted with settled, semi-nomadic and total nomadic communities that fully depend on the forest products. In Penan society, the natives are highly developed in an egalitarian society and little gender division. It means that the social stratification among the man and women are almost equal. For instance, the man and women shared most of the chores among them. Such as, gathering the forest product and extracted sago from the sago palms, but they are still some part of chores that dominated by male, for example, hunting in the forest. Penan is a group of native that practiced the ritual of Molong which means that never take more than necessary. The majority of the Penan natives are work as nomadic hunter-gatherers. The nomadic Penan usually moves in group that consisted approximately 40 people included children and old people. They do not stayed for a long time in a particular place. The period of time that they stay is depend on the resources at the place that they stayed and when the resources became fewer, they will choose other suitable places and moved again. The nomadic Penan native that lived in the forest was very much depending on their traditional diet-Sago that starch from the Sago palm. Once, the Sago palms are matured and fully grown, the sago palm trees will be cut down. The leader of the collecting sago palm will make sure an amount of sago starched is enough for each family and kept adequately for their supply. After that no more sago palm will be chop down until they are ran out of food. Besides that, the Penan native also preys on wild animals like wild boars, mouse deer and monkeys. The hunters hunt by using a blowpipe, made with the Belian wood and carved out with a bone drill. The poison darts that they used are made from the sago palms tree bark and on its tip; the Penan dipped it with kind of powerful poisonous latex that extracted from a tree from the forest. However, the Penan natives also cultivate the planting of paddy and domestic animal breeding for their own foods not for sales. Furthermore, I would like to discuss briefly about the Penan culture. Culture can be defined as a learned behavior in any particular society includes those ideas, techniques and habits which are passed on by one generation to another in a sense, a social heritage and which are virtually a set of solutions to problems that, in the course of time, others have met and solved before. (Tony Bilton, Kevin Bonnett, Philp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard, and Andrew Webster, 1987, page 11) The nomadic Penan move in groups and they have their own clan territories, the groups are consisted of a family of five or six members and some family even consisted of 30 people. The nomadic Penan will leave their old selap (huts) and move to another domain of forest when their sago supplies are exhausted. The majority of the roofs are tarpaulins and there are seldom roof made by giant palm leaves. In the aspect of material cultures, only Penan elders dress in traditional dress, which called chawats means that the loin cloths, and wearing large holes in their earlobes. Nowadays, the Penan natives are making the tattoos by themselves which is almost like prison tattoos. Only few Penan now go in barefoot, most of them are wearing cheap plastic boots with rounded studs to protect their foots. In addition, I would like to discuss about the Penan traditional weapons that are used for hunting. For example the Penans blowpipes which is used for hunting wild animals. The another name for blowpipe is called keleput, are approximately 6 feet long and made from one solid piece of iron wood. Secondly, the process of making the Penan poison darts is cutting off the bark of the tajem tree to extract milky latex that is warmed over a fire to produce the poison. The poison darts can cause lethal arrhythmias to the animals. Blowpipe darts are made from palm fronds with light weight. Darts with metal tips which cut from tin cans are used for bigger size wild animals like deer and bearded pig. The last weapon used by Penan hunters is knives. The Penan hunters are carrying two knives. The first knife is called a poeh, is large and machete-like. The second knife is called darhad which is much smaller than peoh and is used for cutting meat, whittling blowpipe darts and fine work. Both knive s are carried close together with the Penan hunters. Besides that, in the aspect of religion believe for Penan native, the Penan have been converting their animism belief to Christianity since in the 1930s. According to the functionalist Emile Durkheim, religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden beliefs and practice which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them. (Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn, 2006, page 390) However, some of the Penan native still having a strong believe in myths and spirits. The Penan leaders still practice the ritual of blood pacts with neighboring tribe when doing the political agreement. The ritual of blood pacts was believed that anyone who breach of this pact will cause to vomiting of blood and a violent death. Moreover, in the aspect of economic for Penan native, most of the Penan are work as a hunter gatherer in forest and selling the main resource of the forest which is sago. The economy can be defined as a system of production, distribution, and consumption of resources, including the cultural belief that supports economic processes. During the colonial times, the British government will arrange trading missions called tamu close to the forests of the Penan to offered forest products like damar (now used in eco-paints), rattan mats and baskets, rhino horn, gaharu wood (or eagle-wood), wild rubber, monkey gallstones (for Chinese medicine), bills of hornbills, and deer antlers. These items were traded for manufacturing goods like knives, cooking pots and shotguns. None of these forest products are now abundant, but many Penans will sell surplus meat to logging camps. The Penan native also sold the high quality gaharu from gaharu tree but that can take years to accumulate. Gaharu is used a s incense, for medicinal and religious purposes, and as a perfume in the Middle East countries. For the division of labor for Penan, the man will always go for hunting and the woman will generally gather the sago from the sago palm tree and do the house chores. The pattern of economic subsistence for Penan native is foraging and horticulture. For instance, they are foraging in groups for wild plants and hunting for wild animals like wild boar and mouse deer. However, some Penan hunter still practicing the pedestrian foraging which means that the hunters are diversified hunting and gathering on foot. For the horticulture, they also rear some chickens, pigs, and monkey outside their house. The Penan native also having symbolic interactionism when they are hunting inside the forest. According to the principal ontological claim of symbolic interactionist is that reality is not immutable or fixed but is constantly being recreated or achieved through the meaningful interaction of individuals. (Tony Bilton, Kevin Bonnett, Philp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard, and Andrew Webster, 1987, page 521) Symbolic interactionism means that the interaction among people, how people use symbols in communication and interaction to establish meaning, develop their view of the world, and communicate with one another. The Penan natives have their own forest sign language. For example, a bent twig stuck in the trail may simply delivering the direction of the hunter is going. The complex arrangements of cut twigs, sticks and folded leaves means that delivering the message to the Penan native about anything from the state of the hunting locally to the others hunter whether they are in go od mood or not. Furthermore, the Penan native also facing social changes in the Penan society. In general terms social change refers to the changes in the nature, social institution, social behavior or social relations of a society, or other social structures. According to Barbara Marliene S. Mary Ann A. Schwartz (2006) social change was defined as the time when external events happened, such as war and conquest and culture contact and diffusion, or environmental factors or internal events, such as innovations, invention and population shifts. For instance, in Penan society, the Penan native was influenced by the cultural diffusion from western, such as wearing t-shirt and jeans, cooking pot and cups made from western and lastly some of the hunter are using shotgun for hunting instead of using the blowpipes. The collective action also occur among the Penan natives toward the government when the logging company keep on cutting of the tree in Penan forest without paying any compensate and development to the Penan area. For example, many blockades were set up in attempt to stop logging operations on their land. Unfortunately, the efforts were hard to carry on and the situation turns bad with vast scale of clashes between the indigenous community and the state supported logging company. The Penan native also facing social changes because of the the geography and climate. It is because, the Penan natives is dealing with the survival problems inside the forest. Their food becomes hard to attain and the inhabited environment was contaminated because of the serious logging happened in Penan forest. These kinds of situation makes their natives life in the jungle becomes tough and unease. So, the member in the group is keep decreasing due to migration. Migration refers to the movement of people into or out of a geographical area (Barbara S Mary A, 2006). So, in future, many youngsters who grew up in the nomadic group will choose to move out from the community and headed to the life style in the city. It is because the young people rather choose a spouse from the city than they own people that stayed in the group. In the aspect of development in Penan society, the Penan native did not want any development from the government to them and they just want their own traditional life remains. According to Hunt, E. F. Colander, human being appears to be basically conservative and the human mind and personality are so constituted that once people beliefs, attitudes, and patterns of behavior, they have difficulty in changing them. (Hunt, E. F. Colander, D.C. 2005, page 90) The statement above have shown that why the Penan natives reject the development from government. However, the logging company which could bring development and economic rises to the country have also cause a lot of negative impact to the Penan natives. For instance, the poorly planned logging trails had caused the issues of earth erosion, landslides and the silting of watercourses happened. The situation had affected the functional relation among the Penan and the forest. The big trees which were removed had cause the Penan native hard to gather and hunting for their foods. Lastly half of the habitat of Penan native was being demolished. In the aspect of family in Penan society, the Penan natives are having closure group of marriage, it means that the Penan native will only married each other which is in their own tribe. According to Murdock, family is a social group characterized by common residence, economic co-operation and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults. (James Fulcher, John Scott, 2007, page 447) Most of the family in Penan society is nuclear family and extended family. Nuclear family refers to a domestic unit composed of a man and woman in a stable marital relationship, with their dependent children, and the extended families refer to where more than one generation of husbands and wives cohabit with their offspring. (Tony Bilton, Kevin Bonnett, Philp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard, and Andrew Webster, 1987, page 253) Most of the family member in Penan was built in extended family where the Penan natives live and work together inside their huts. In the aspect of gender in Penan society, gender can be defined as a term that has psychological or cultural rather than biological connotations. If the proper terms for sex are male and female, the corresponding terms for gender are masculine and feminine; these latter might be quite independent of biological sex. (Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn, 2006, page 304) The Penan natives are having their gender identity through the gender socialization. According to Ann Oakley, gender socialization is how socialization in modern industrial societies shapes the identity and behavior of girl and boys from an early age. (Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn, 2006, page 316) For instance, the Penans male when they are born they have to be a hunter-gatherer and do some rough work or learning the skill of doing rattans. The female who are born will have to do the h ouse chores with their mother and do the fine work like collecting sago or fruits. As a conclusion, the social changes have caused a lot of conflict among the Penan tribe and the government. Individual, groups, communities are reluctant to change and facing big struggle to adjust from the life style and conditions that they had used with, so many aspects in life have to be considered. At the same time the society have to differ themselves to maintain existing conditions. The Penan resists change because of their romanticized notion of traditional values and the good old days. (Barbara S, Mary A, 2006) For example, the Penan people valued their forest habitat and their traditional rituals very much and fear of losing each of them caused them hesitated to receive changes. So, the phenomenon of the Penan resistance is natural and it is common if they persisted in their objection. References: James Fulcher, John Scott. 2007. Sociology: Third Edition. United States. Oxford University Press Inc. Robert Van Krieken, Daphne Habibis, Philip Smith, Brett Hutchins, Michael Haralambos, Martin Holborn. 2006. Sociology Themes and Perspectives: 3rd Edition. Australia. Pearson Longman. Tony Bilton, Kevin Bonnett, Philp Jones, Michelle Stanworth, Ken Sheard, and Andrew Webster. 1987. Introductory Sociology: 2nd Edition. Mackays of Chatham PLC, Kent. Barbara Marliene Scott Mary Ann A. Schwartz. 2006. SOCIOLOGY: 2nd edition, Making Sense of the Social World. Allyn and Bacon Pearson. Elgin F. Hunt David C. Colander. 2005. Social Science: An Introduction To The Study Of Society. James H. McDonald. 2002. The Applied Anthropology Reader. Allyn and Bacon Pearson. BBC Tribe of Penan from the website: http://www.bbc.co.uk/tribe/tribes/penan/index.shtml, retrieved at 1 April 2010 Figures retrieved from the website: http://www.survival-international.org, retrieved at 4 April 2010.

Characteristics for good governance in Afghanistan Essay

Good governance is perhaps the single and most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting development. The terms â€Å"governance† and â€Å"good governance† are now fully part of the language of development whereas bad governance is broadly recognized as a root cause of poverty, good governance is often seen as a way to cure all social and political and economic ills. Donors and companies are increasingly basing their aid and investments on countries based on governance conditions or plans for reform. Some equate governance failure with global trends such as climate change or the youth bulge as a force are able to rapidly undo development efforts, whereas governance success has the potentiality to quickly leverage and sustain development gains. Governance is thus a central part of the development landscape. Governance is also a powerful component of integrated programming for Mercy Corps and many non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Since, at its core, gov ernance is about decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented, its influence cross-cuts all sectors and locations of relief and development programming. Mercy Corps believes that each country needs to decide its own economic and social priorities with leadership from government, in partnership with and accountable to the people who live in the country. Good governance brings the informed will of the people into governments’  decision-making. In this way, good governance is not an end in itself, but rather a means to building and sustaining secure, productive and just communities Characteristics for good governance in Afghanistan Afghanistan is going through a transition period which involves the transfer of security responsibilities from international troops to Afghan authorities. At the same time it is being considered that transition of security arrangements alone would not solve the issues in Afghanistan. Rather the overall scenario has to go through a transition. The country has to seek a suitable reconciliation process and above all the Afghan political system has to go through a process of change so as to make it able to govern its people properly. There have been controversies regarding Afghan government and its capacity to deal with the challenges within the country. In fact, it has been observed that Afghan government has not been able to provide rudimentary requirements of life to majority of its people and have not been able to seek appropriate solution to various political problems that influence the system to a great extent. There has been a label of corruption and many, both in national and int ernational circles, do not believe that it has the potential to achieve ‘good governance’. Though the international community has, on various occasions, emphasized that their support is conditioned on the basis of good governance yet there has not been major steps taken by Afghan government to make achievements in this regard. A decade of support and assistance seems to have gone in vain and the country still suffers from myriads of problems. The capacity of good governance is judged by its potential to offer the basic requirements of life to the people easily and readily. Moreover, it must strive to raise the standard of living of the masses. Government stands as one of the most important actors in good governance. It is the government that decides whether good governance is achieved or not. There are certain important characteristics that must be achieved so as to establish it. Good governance has to be participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and efficient, equitable and inclusive and follows the rule of law. Good governance str ives that there should be participation of all the important groups of the society within the decision making process  and must involve both men and women. Participation could be either direct or through legitimate intermediates institutions or representatives. It is important to point out that representative democracy does not necessarily mean that the concerns of the most vulnerable in society would be taken into consideration in decision making. Participation needs to be informed and organized. This means freedom of association and expression on the one hand and an organized civil society on the other hand. Unfortunately, in our country Afghanistan the decision making is not carried out through proper participation of the representatives of the people. In fact, the decision making process is very much centralized. An important characteristic of good governance is that it is consensus oriented. There are several actors and different opinions in a given society. Good governance requires mediation of the different interests in society to reach a broad consensus in society on what is in the best interest of the whole community and how this can be achieved. It also requires a broad and long-term perspective on what is needed for sustainable h uman development and how to achieve the goals of such development. This can only result from an understanding of the historical, cultural and social contexts of a given society or community. Afghan government has not been able to develop a strong consensus and the ruling class does not seem much bothered about any sort of consensus. Accountability is a key requirement of good governance. Not only governmental institutions but also the private sector and civil society organizations must be accountable to the public and to their institutional stakeholders. Afghan government, on the other hand, has been formed in such a way that it is difficult to hold the Presidential Office accountable for its policies and actions. It can do whatever it wants without standing accountable to its people. As a matter of fact accountability can be achieved when there is transparency and the rule of law. However, both these characteristics seem to be non-existent in Afghan society. Transparency and rule of law can be maintained when there is proper separation of power and the different organs of state can function on their own independently. In fact, judiciary and law enforcement agencies must be capable to hold the law as the top priority matter. In Afghan political system the separation of powers is not clear and the judiciary is composed of what the Presidential Office decides. Moreover , the powerful and the rich are mostly considered  above the law and the poor and weak have to go through the ‘quagmire of law and order system’. Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe. It means that it should be responsive. In the same way it should also ensure equity and inclusiveness. A society’s wellbeing depends on ensuring that all its members feel that they have a stake in it and do not feel excluded from the mainstream of society. This requires all groups, but particularly the most vulnerable, have opportunities to improve or maintain their wellbeing but what Afghan government has to offer us is the negligence of the most vulnerable. The minority groups in fact suffer from lack of proper participation in decision making and they find their existence threatened within the society. Good governance also means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the needs of society while making the best of resources at their disposal. The concept of efficiency in the context of good governance also covers the sustainable use of natural resources and the protection of environment. It is correct that all the characteristics mentioned above cannot be a chieved by a government or a society as they portray what an ideal governance must hold, but it is also true that there are many nations in the world that, to a satisfying extent, have achieved most of them. Therefore, Afghan government has to strive to achieve these characteristics if it really wants to achieve ‘good governance’ and wants to serve its people in a better way. Conclusion Good governance is perhaps the single and most important factor in eradicating poverty and promoting development. Good governance is often seen as a way to cure all social and political and economic ills. Donors and companies are increasingly basing their aid and investments on countries based on governance conditions or plans for reform. The capacity of good governance is judged by its potential to offer the basic requirements of life to the people easily and readily. Moreover, it must strive to raise the standard of living of the masses. Government stands as one of the most important actors in good governance To conclude; the good characteristics for Afghanistan government are: 1. Delivery of basic services to its people 2. Defending and protecting national interest and lives of its people. 3.  Implementation of law and protecting its sovereignty. 4. Monitoring and implementing of law and the three branches of government as Judiciary, Executive, Legislature 5. Effective and adequate organizations and departments headed by right persons, decision making and implementing etc. . 6. Participation between government and public. 7. Prevention and fight against corruption and social injustice. 8. Good relations with neighboring countries like IRAN, Pakistan 9. Accountability to the public and heard the voice of vulnerable in country. 10. Government should prepare the ground for domestic and foreign investors. 11. Tasks based on meritocracy 12. Fight against discrimination which still exists and plays a vital role in our country. 13. Improve of economy and decrease unemployment, poverty level. 14. Control and monitor the monetary policy in country by central bank of Afghanistan. Reference 1. http://go.worldbank.org/M1JHE0Z280 2. David Brown is Director, Special Projects, at the Public Policy Forum, Ottawa, Canada and former President of the IIAS. David Brown 3. International Review of Administrative Sciences 2005; 71; 241 DOI: 10.1177/0020852305053883 4. http://msg-itlg.blogspot.com/2008/01/advantagesdisadvantages-of-electronic.html

Research about National Museum Essay

The National Museum of the Philippine is the official repository established in 1901 as a natural history and ethnography museum of the Philippines. Some of the historical artifacts, instruments, and other things came from Philippine ancestors. One of the things that are restored here was the Spolarium 1884 a National Cultural Treasure by Juan Luna. National Museum has a very important role in our country to preserve the things we have from the past. National Museum gives the people information about the things we learned from the school especially for the students. National Museum of the Philippines must improve the location, the areas inside the museum and other information inside it. It is because this museum is one of the major attractions in Manila and also in the Philippines. Improving or developing the surrounding and some areas of National Museum will help the country to gain more tourists because of the curiosity of the tourist to know more about the history hidden from the past in the Philippines. This museum will help the tourist to give importance in the culture of the Philippines have. This chapter represents the background of the study about the developing plan of National Museum of the Philippines. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY National Museum of the Philippines is one of the major attractions here in Manila. Its image inside and outside of the museum must attract more international and local tourists. Also, this attraction will benefit the students from their studies in histories and other subjects like sciences. Nowadays, the community of Manila was starting to develop its image to improve its service for the tourists and attract more people to visit this  place. Some people suddenly had forgotten its treasure inside the museum. Only few people visit this place and some of this is students. People nowadays don’t appreciate its beauty and think it was a boring attraction for them. People usually seek some adventurous place to visit and make them satisfied in their vacation. But the National Museum of the Philippines make some events and exhibit to expose the things inside the museum. They also welcome new inventions and new things came from the people in this era. The planners gather some data about the things that should be develop inside and outside the museum. Planners think of some ideas how to prevent its decline opportunity to cater the Philippines to be a one of the treasure attraction in Manila. Some of the recommendation and plans will help the people who handled the museum to implement and develop the museum. This paper focuses on the developing plan inside and outside of the Philippine National Museum. It deals in the idea to preserve and attract more people or tourist to know more about the historic and treasured place in Manila and all over the Philippines. OTHER INFORMATION FOR NATIONAL MUSEUM This is the current picture of The National Museum of the Philippines. National Museum is the repository and guardian of the Philippines’ natural and cultural heritage. As one of the lead government cultural agencies, it is tasked to achieve the goals of instilling cultural consciousness and a sense of pride and nationalism among Filipino citizens through its activities covering the sciences, education and culture. Established in 1901 as an ethnography and natural history museum, and subsequently housed in its present building which was designed in 1918 by the American Architect, Daniel Burnham, the National Museum has since then broadened its concerns in the arts and sciences. Today, it occupies the main building (former Old Congress Building) where the arts, natural sciences and other support divisions are housed and the adjacent former Finance building in the Agrifina Circle of Rizal Park now called The National Museum of the Filipino People where the Anthropology and Archa eology Divisions. The Vision Statement of the National Museum is â€Å"A Filipino nation, unified by a deep sense of pride in their common identity, cultural heritage and natural patrimony and imbibed with the spirit of nationalism and strong commitment to the protection and preservation of their legacy.† The National Museum has a tri-dimensional goal covering diverse fields of knowledge through various educational, scientific and cultural activities. As an educational institution, the National Museum disseminates scientific and technical knowledge in more understandable and practical forms through lectures, exhibitions, interviews, and publications for students and the general public. As scientific institution, the National Museum conducts basic research programs combining integrated laboratory and field work in anthropology and archaeology, geology and paleontology, botany and zoology. It maintains reference collections on these disciplines and promotes scientific development in the Philippines. As a cultural center, the National Museum has taken the lead in the study and preservation of the nation’s rich artistic, historic and cultural heritage in the reconstruction and rebuilding of our nation’s past and venerating the great individuals who helped in the building hou sed. One of the artifacts that National Museum features is the â€Å"Spolarium† which is in a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum where the fallen and dying gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly possessions. It is the most valuable oil-on-canvas painting by Juan Luna, a Filipino educated at the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura (Philippines) and at the Academia de San Fernando in Madrid, Spain. With a size of 4.22 meters x 7.675 meters, it is the largest painting in the Philippines. A historical painting, it was made by Luna in 1884 as an entry to the prestigious Exposicion de Bellas Artes (Madrid Art Exposition, May 1884) and eventually won for him the First Gold Medal. In 1886, it was sold to the Diputacià ³n Provincial de Barcelona for 20,000 pesetas. It currently hangs in the main gallery at the ground floor of the National Museum of the Philippines, and is the first work of art that  greets visitors upon entry into the museum. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1. What is the promotional strategy of Philippine National Museum as one of the tourist attraction in Manila? 2. How does the host community will help the Philippine National Museum in sustaining their tourist arrival? 3. How does a foreign tourist will help the Philippine National Museum in preserving and improving the Museum? 4. Is the existing situation of Philippine National Museum is enough to increase tourists? 5. What are the other tourism development opportunities in Philippine National Museum? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 1. To know the promotional strategy of Philippine National Museum as one of the tourist attraction in Manila. 2. To know how the host community will help the Philippine National Museum in sustaining their tourist arrival. 3. To know how local tourists will help the Philippine National Museum in preserving and improving the Museum. 4. To know if the existing situation of Philippine National Museum is enough to increase tourists. 5. To know what are the other tourism development opportunities in Philippine National Museum. CHAPTER 2 INFORMATION ANALYSIS I. Tourism Issues and Development Opportunities Resources Feature Issues Tourism Development Opportunities Tourism Development Constraints Quality Disseminating more information about what the Philippine National Museum can give some benefits to our country. The promotion of this attraction can give the museum to attract more tourists to go here and to maintain the nature of the museum. It will also help the museum to maintain the quality they give to all visitor coming to them In current situation of the museum, there is ongoing renovation. So the media can’t easily provide any information about the plans of the museum. Only if the museum already done in renovating the can promote the museum easily. Uniqueness The museum will help to tell the history of the Philippines. It includes the culture, arts and historical materials inside the museum. It will give more information to all tourists coming in the museum about the history and other special things and events from the past of the Philippines. Some of the tourist, visitor and other traveler want an adventure kind of tour. Some of the tourists did not satisfy what a museum give to them. Appeal The maintenance of the structure, other facilities inside the Philippine National Museum and other attraction around the museum. Beautiful attraction can attract more visitors especially if the structure of the building inside and outside is good enough to satisfy what the tourist needs to know about the museum. The Philippine National Museum is ongoing renovation and construction in some area. But it will help the museum to attract more tourists after the renovation. II. SWOC ANALYSIS STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES Philippine National Museum is in Manila only. It will benefit the student for their tours or field trip. It will help for the researches and other things that are needed in collecting the data about the Philippines. There is always a traffic or congestion within the area. Only few people know about the information about the museum. Some of the travelers do not like to visits museums Some traveler was not interested about what the Philippine National Museum have Some city tour can include the Philippine National Museum. Job opportunities for all the workers of tourism management. Increase number of tourist coming in the Philippines. Increase number of visitor n Manila. Worsening the traffic problems in Manila. Competition in other nearby tourist attraction. Unpredictable weather condition. Quality of the new maintenance of the building. TOURISM ACTIONS PLAN GOAL: To help the Philippine National Museum in having a unique tactic in promoting their Museum. OBJECTIVES: To know the promotional strategy of Philippine National Museum as one of the tourist attraction in Manila. GOAL: To inform local community about the possible effect in their lifestyle. OBJECTIVES: To know how the host community will help the Philippine National Museum in sustaining their tourist arrival. GOAL: To ascertain that local tourists can give sufficient funds or support to preserve and to improve the museum. OBJECTIVES: To know how local tourists will help the Philippine National Museum in preserving and improving the Museum. ACTIONS STEP BY KEY PLAYER 1. A fare in each people who are arriving in the museum. Government 2. Provide a learning trip for all students in awareness about museums. Government and Host GOAL: To encourage government in improving the Philippine National Museum. OBJECTIVES: To know if the existing situation of Philippine National Museum is enough to increase tourists. ACTIONS STEP BY KEY PLAYER 1. To renovate the museum. Government 2. Provide a sufficient fund in upgrading the facilities of the museum. Government GOAL: Provide Job opportunities. OBJECTIVES: To know what are the other tourism development opportunities in Philippine National Museum. ACTIONS STEP BY KEY PLAYER 1. Allow the museum to have tour guides, more security companion. Government 2. To promote as one of the best museum and attract more tourist here in the Philippines. Government

A Reflection On Memory Malleability - 896 Words

Ariel Susanto Professor Ilona Pitkanen Psychology 203 12 March 2017 Memory Malleability Think back to an intense moment in your life. Maybe it’s a memory of the time you thought you were going to die in a car crash. Maybe the excitement of a high school prom night. Or maybe the time your older sister got married in a beautiful ceremony. To most people, those memories are striking. The details remain clear in their minds. You’ll remember how nervous you felt at the prospect of a toast, the feel of the uncomfortable formal shoes and attire, the aroma of roses in the bouquet. Months and even years later, you recount the day minute by minute, bringing up conversations and events that happened with certainty. These clear remembrances are†¦show more content†¦One key aspect to FBM is the confidence attributed by the people with these memories. Although the recollection is vivid and appears to be a clear picture, the accuracy is surprisingly off. Studies show that over time, people’s confidence in FBM increases while the accuracy decreases. In the case of the 9/11 attacks, when people were surveyed about what they remembered â€Å"within ten days, there were significant inconsistencies. A year after the event, only about 2/3 of what people remembered was accurate† (Krauss, 2015). If people were interviewed a few days after the event happened, their story would change when asked again the following year, and yet again if questioned further. An interesting find is that when an incorrect detail is suggested or mentioned in the retelling of the event, that aspect would be most likely repeated in the next recount. Confidence correlates negatively with accuracy, although if it’s an actual flashbulb memory, the inaccuracies don’t tend to fall below a sixty percent rate (Krauss, 2015). There are multiple reasons as to why accuracy decreases over time. The simplest explanation is the concept of working memory. 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